The male and female zebrafish can be distinguished by two cues, color and body shape. The males are slender and the females are more rounded. The males have a pinkish-yellowish cast and the females a bluish-whitish cast. I have seen pet store zebras that look more like pencils than fish. In that case it might take some fattening up before you can tell.
I think I have a reliable method for determining the sex of zebrafish. When viewed from the side, just anterior to the large, unpaired ventral fin is a prominent cloaca in the female. The cloaca is not apparent in the male when viewed from the side.
Stephen J. Moorman
Assistant Professor
Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology
UNT Health Science Center at Fort Worth
smoorman@hsc.unt.edu
http://molly.hsc.unt.edu/~smoorman/